Climbing system is divided into two:
* Himalayan system
Himalayan climbing is climbing system is done in a way be attached between the start point (ground) with a pitch / terminal last climb, the relationship between the starting point of the pitch is to use a rope transport, where the rope is functioning so that the relationship between the team under the climber with a team that can transport continues rope serves also as a climber's track team turnover as well as jlur supply or other equipment
* Alpine system
As with the above system, so between the start point to the last pitch in no way connected with string transpot, so the climbing routes is a route that will not be passed back by the team are below. Then climbing with this system should really mature perencanaanya because all the needs that support the climbing tersubut be taken on the spot.
Judging from the form of rock climbing equipment usage is divided into two major groups:
* Artificial climbing:
Is climbing in the movement which is fully supported by the tool and climbers can not do anything without the help of these tools. Equipment other than as a safety as well as a pedestal to add height in doing the climbing. Praise be to Allaah to keep in mind to be able to move quickly and secure in doing the climb was not due to a super modern equipment but rather preferred to use good technique.
* Free climbing:
Pemenajatn who uses a tool is solely to add height and serves as a safety tool but which do not affect the motion of the climber. Although in this type of climber climbing secured by a belayer but good security is yourself.
Sednangkan for the development of this type of free climbing climb itself is divided into two, namely:
- Top rope: climbing where climbing ropes have been installed before
- Solo: climbing is done alone with concurrent function as Leade, Cleaner and belayer.
While the solo itself can also be divided into two types, namely:
a. Solo artificial climbing
b. Solo free climbing
IV. BASIC TECHNIQUES Climbing
A climber must be able to understand the cliffs to be climbed, how the contours of the cliff, what equipment will be used, and if possible to know in detail how the shape of the handle and the gaps that exist in most major cliff climber must be able to determine the climbing routes , how to install and use equipment properly, it will be a standard safety procedures in the climb, so be extra support for success in doing the climbing.
Climbing techniques are grouped according to the cliff that used to obtain a foothold and grip force, namely:
a. Face Climbing
Ie climbing on the cliff face where there are protrusions or cavities are adequate as footrests and handrails
b. Friction / Slab Climbing
This technique relies on the friction force only as a fulcrum style
c. Fissure Climbing
These techniques take advantage of loopholes used by the limbs that seemed to serve as a peg
In this way, and some development, known following techniques;
a. Jamming
Climbing techniques by exploiting loopholes that are not so wide. Fingers, feet or hands can be inserted / inserted in the gap so as to appear like a peg
b. Chimneying
Vertical crack climbing techniques are quite large. Agency entered into between the slit and back against the cliff at one side. One foot attached to the side of the cliff front, and left again attached to the rear side of the cliff. Both hands placed against it also and helps encourage and help maintain their body weight.
c. Bridging
Vertical crack climbing techniques on a larger (gullies). You do this by using both hands and feet as a grip on both the openings. Body position astride the foot as the foundation also helped balance the hand as a guard.
d. Lay back
Climbing technique on vertical gap by using hands and feet. In this technique hook your fingers with the back edge of the slit is tilted in such a way as to put both feet pushed forward and then move up one after another.
e. Hand traverse
Climbing techniques on a cliff with a sideways motion (horizontal). This is done if the grip is very minimal and ideal for climbing vertukal is not possible anymore. This technique is very vulnerable, and consume a lot of energy because the whole weight is concentrated on the hands, as far as possible assisted by the hand grip the footrests (toe) so that weight loss can be divided more evenly.
f. Mantelself
Climbing techniques bumps (small terraces) which was located high, but large enough to be relied upon to place the next brdiri. Both hands to pull the weight dgunakan assisted with the movement of the foot. If the bumps are thigh-high or chest then pull the hand position changed from a push to mengngkat weight assisted with the encouragement of the foot.
As rock climbing harness is defective rock to increase the height so that a climber is required brave, conscientious and skilled also in the ability to think the right in limited circumstances to act to deal with making decisions and solving problems faced precisely, quickly and safely.
V. PROCEDURE climbing
Stages in climbing should start from step-langkh as follows:
a. observed trajectory and thinking techniques that will be achieved.
b. Prepare the equipment that will be needed
c. For Leader, technical equipment arranged in such a way that is easy to take / pick and do not interfere with movement. Duties of the Leader himself is a trajectory that will make the passes and the next climber.
d. For the belayer, install and tidy ancor tools. His job is to help the Leader both with the cue as well as with the strap worn Leader, also served to secure the belayer belayer from falling or other risks, with the first step is researching the use penganman Leader.
e. If the belayer and the leader is prepared to make the climb, immediately gave orders climbing
f. When the Leader to a height of a pitch (rope out) ian must install ancor.
g. Leaders who have installed ancor above, then serves as a belayer to secure the next pemenjat.
VI. Climbing EQUIPMENT
As for the types of equipment used for rock climbing are:
- Ropes (Karn Mantel)
- Webbing
- Carabiner screw and non screw
- Piton (climbing pegs)
- Ascender (a tool for a ride on a leash)
- Descender (a tool to come down on the rope)
- Eterier (rope ladder)
- Chock friend
- Harness
- Hamer
- Hand drill
- Magnesium
- Shoe and helmet
- Chock stopper
- Chock hexentrix
- Etc.
VII. Nodes
Basic knots used in rock climbing is as follows:
- Node eight (figure of eight knots)
- Node eight double (double figure of eight knots Lub)
- Node fisherman (Fisherman knots)
- Node perusik
- Node base (eliver hitch)
- Knot the ribbon
- The bowline
- Node anchor
- Node belay (Italian hitch)
- Node butterfly
* Himalayan system
Himalayan climbing is climbing system is done in a way be attached between the start point (ground) with a pitch / terminal last climb, the relationship between the starting point of the pitch is to use a rope transport, where the rope is functioning so that the relationship between the team under the climber with a team that can transport continues rope serves also as a climber's track team turnover as well as jlur supply or other equipment
* Alpine system
As with the above system, so between the start point to the last pitch in no way connected with string transpot, so the climbing routes is a route that will not be passed back by the team are below. Then climbing with this system should really mature perencanaanya because all the needs that support the climbing tersubut be taken on the spot.
Judging from the form of rock climbing equipment usage is divided into two major groups:
* Artificial climbing:
Is climbing in the movement which is fully supported by the tool and climbers can not do anything without the help of these tools. Equipment other than as a safety as well as a pedestal to add height in doing the climbing. Praise be to Allaah to keep in mind to be able to move quickly and secure in doing the climb was not due to a super modern equipment but rather preferred to use good technique.
* Free climbing:
Pemenajatn who uses a tool is solely to add height and serves as a safety tool but which do not affect the motion of the climber. Although in this type of climber climbing secured by a belayer but good security is yourself.
Sednangkan for the development of this type of free climbing climb itself is divided into two, namely:
- Top rope: climbing where climbing ropes have been installed before
- Solo: climbing is done alone with concurrent function as Leade, Cleaner and belayer.
While the solo itself can also be divided into two types, namely:
a. Solo artificial climbing
b. Solo free climbing
IV. BASIC TECHNIQUES Climbing
A climber must be able to understand the cliffs to be climbed, how the contours of the cliff, what equipment will be used, and if possible to know in detail how the shape of the handle and the gaps that exist in most major cliff climber must be able to determine the climbing routes , how to install and use equipment properly, it will be a standard safety procedures in the climb, so be extra support for success in doing the climbing.
Climbing techniques are grouped according to the cliff that used to obtain a foothold and grip force, namely:
a. Face Climbing
Ie climbing on the cliff face where there are protrusions or cavities are adequate as footrests and handrails
b. Friction / Slab Climbing
This technique relies on the friction force only as a fulcrum style
c. Fissure Climbing
These techniques take advantage of loopholes used by the limbs that seemed to serve as a peg
In this way, and some development, known following techniques;
a. Jamming
Climbing techniques by exploiting loopholes that are not so wide. Fingers, feet or hands can be inserted / inserted in the gap so as to appear like a peg
b. Chimneying
Vertical crack climbing techniques are quite large. Agency entered into between the slit and back against the cliff at one side. One foot attached to the side of the cliff front, and left again attached to the rear side of the cliff. Both hands placed against it also and helps encourage and help maintain their body weight.
c. Bridging
Vertical crack climbing techniques on a larger (gullies). You do this by using both hands and feet as a grip on both the openings. Body position astride the foot as the foundation also helped balance the hand as a guard.
d. Lay back
Climbing technique on vertical gap by using hands and feet. In this technique hook your fingers with the back edge of the slit is tilted in such a way as to put both feet pushed forward and then move up one after another.
e. Hand traverse
Climbing techniques on a cliff with a sideways motion (horizontal). This is done if the grip is very minimal and ideal for climbing vertukal is not possible anymore. This technique is very vulnerable, and consume a lot of energy because the whole weight is concentrated on the hands, as far as possible assisted by the hand grip the footrests (toe) so that weight loss can be divided more evenly.
f. Mantelself
Climbing techniques bumps (small terraces) which was located high, but large enough to be relied upon to place the next brdiri. Both hands to pull the weight dgunakan assisted with the movement of the foot. If the bumps are thigh-high or chest then pull the hand position changed from a push to mengngkat weight assisted with the encouragement of the foot.
As rock climbing harness is defective rock to increase the height so that a climber is required brave, conscientious and skilled also in the ability to think the right in limited circumstances to act to deal with making decisions and solving problems faced precisely, quickly and safely.
V. PROCEDURE climbing
Stages in climbing should start from step-langkh as follows:
a. observed trajectory and thinking techniques that will be achieved.
b. Prepare the equipment that will be needed
c. For Leader, technical equipment arranged in such a way that is easy to take / pick and do not interfere with movement. Duties of the Leader himself is a trajectory that will make the passes and the next climber.
d. For the belayer, install and tidy ancor tools. His job is to help the Leader both with the cue as well as with the strap worn Leader, also served to secure the belayer belayer from falling or other risks, with the first step is researching the use penganman Leader.
e. If the belayer and the leader is prepared to make the climb, immediately gave orders climbing
f. When the Leader to a height of a pitch (rope out) ian must install ancor.
g. Leaders who have installed ancor above, then serves as a belayer to secure the next pemenjat.
VI. Climbing EQUIPMENT
As for the types of equipment used for rock climbing are:
- Ropes (Karn Mantel)
- Webbing
- Carabiner screw and non screw
- Piton (climbing pegs)
- Ascender (a tool for a ride on a leash)
- Descender (a tool to come down on the rope)
- Eterier (rope ladder)
- Chock friend
- Harness
- Hamer
- Hand drill
- Magnesium
- Shoe and helmet
- Chock stopper
- Chock hexentrix
- Etc.
VII. Nodes
Basic knots used in rock climbing is as follows:
- Node eight (figure of eight knots)
- Node eight double (double figure of eight knots Lub)
- Node fisherman (Fisherman knots)
- Node perusik
- Node base (eliver hitch)
- Knot the ribbon
- The bowline
- Node anchor
- Node belay (Italian hitch)
- Node butterfly